path: root/src/client/render/render.cc

#include "render.hh"

namespace client {
namespace render {

static void check_sdl_call(const auto& sdl_call) {
    if (sdl_call()) {
        throw std::runtime_error{SDL_GetError()};
    }
}

static void check_sdl_pointer(const void* const ptr) {
    if (ptr == nullptr) {
        throw std::runtime_error{SDL_GetError()};
    }
}

SDL_Window* const& get_sdl_window() noexcept {
    static SDL_Window* const window = []() -> SDL_Window* {
        check_sdl_call(std::bind(SDL_Init, SDL_INIT_VIDEO));
        check_sdl_call(std::bind(SDL_GL_SetAttribute,
                                 SDL_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_MASK,
                                 SDL_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_CORE));
        check_sdl_call(
            std::bind(SDL_GL_SetAttribute, SDL_GL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4));
        check_sdl_call(
            std::bind(SDL_GL_SetAttribute, SDL_GL_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION, 2));

        SDL_Window* const ret =
            SDL_CreateWindow("blockgame_linux", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, 0, 0,
                             SDL_WINDOW_OPENGL | SDL_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN_DESKTOP |
                                 SDL_WINDOW_BORDERLESS);
        check_sdl_pointer(ret);
        return ret;
    }();
    return window;
}

static SDL_GLContext& get_sdl_glcontext() noexcept {
    static SDL_GLContext context = []() -> SDL_GLContext {
        const SDL_GLContext ret = SDL_GL_CreateContext(get_sdl_window());
        check_sdl_pointer(ret);
        check_sdl_call(std::bind(SDL_GL_SetSwapInterval, 0));
        check_sdl_call(std::bind(SDL_SetRelativeMouseMode, SDL_TRUE));

        // Default gl attributes.
        glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
        glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
        glEnable(GL_BLEND);
        glEnable(GL_DEBUG_OUTPUT);
        glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
        glDebugMessageCallback(
            [](GLenum, GLenum, GLuint, GLenum severity, GLsizei,
               const GLchar* message, const void*) {
                if (severity == GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_NOTIFICATION) {
                    return;
                }
                throw std::runtime_error{std::string{"gl severe error: "} +
                                         message};
            },
            nullptr);

        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT |
                GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // anti ub first frame
        return ret;
    }();
    return context;
}

// When we support window resizing, just make this non const etc.
const glm::ivec2& get_window_size() noexcept {
    static glm::ivec2 window_size = []() -> glm::ivec2 {
        int width, height;
        SDL_GetWindowSize(get_sdl_window(), &width, &height);
        return {width, height};
    }();
    return window_size;
}

static int& get_framecount() noexcept {
    static int framecount = 0;
    return framecount;
}

int get_fps() noexcept {
    constexpr auto rate = std::chrono::milliseconds(500); // rate of updates

    static auto prev = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    static int fps = []() {
        get_framecount() = 0; // so we don't report absurdly high numbers @ init
        return 0;
    }();

    if (const auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now(); now >= prev + rate) {
        const auto ms_elapsed = (now - prev) / std::chrono::milliseconds(1);

        int& framecount = get_framecount();
        fps = int(float(framecount) * (1000.0f / float(ms_elapsed)));
        framecount = 0;

        prev = now;
    }
    return fps;
}

void init() {
    // Creates the glcontext, traverses the tree of sdl calls required for our
    // window to initialise.
    get_sdl_glcontext();
}

void quit() noexcept {
    // Epoxy doesn't like this, so we're commenting it out for now.
    /*
    SDL_GL_DeleteContext(get_sdl_glcontext());
    SDL_DestroyWindow(get_sdl_window());
    SDL_Quit();
    */
}

void swap_window() noexcept {
    SDL_GL_SwapWindow(get_sdl_window());
    ++get_framecount();
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
}

// Additional sanity checks for our atlas.
static void check_atlas(const client::render::texture& texture) {
    if (texture.width % 6) {
        throw std::runtime_error("invalid atlas; WIDTH is not divisible by 6");
    }
    if (texture.height % (texture.width / 6)) {
        throw std::runtime_error(
            "invalid atlas, HEIGHT is not divisible by (WIDTH / 6)");
    }
}

GLuint get_texture_atlas() noexcept {
    static const auto atlas = []() -> GLuint {
        GLuint texture = 0;
        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
        glGenTextures(1, &texture);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, texture);

        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S,
                        GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T,
                        GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,
                        GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
        glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY, 16.0f);

        const client::render::texture stbi{"res/textures/atlas.png"};
        check_atlas(stbi);
        const int face_size = stbi.width / 6;

        // 2D texture array, where our depth is our block face.
        glTexImage3D(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, 0, GL_RGBA, face_size, face_size,
                     6 * (stbi.height / face_size), 0,
                     stbi.channels == 3 ? GL_RGB : GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
                     nullptr);

        // Fill the 2D texture array.
        // Because our image has multiple images on the x-axis and opengl
        // expects a single image per axis, we must fill it in row by row.
        const auto get_pixel_xy = [&stbi](const int x, const int y) {
            return stbi.image + 4 * (y * stbi.width + x);
        };
        for (int x = 0; x < 6; ++x) {
            const int x_pixel = x * face_size;

            for (int y = 0; y < stbi.height / face_size; ++y) {
                const int y_pixel = y * face_size;

                for (auto row = 0; row < face_size; ++row) {
                    glTexSubImage3D(
                        GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, 0, 0, row, x + y * 6, face_size, 1,
                        1, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
                        get_pixel_xy(x_pixel, row + y_pixel)); // pixel
                }
            }
        }

        glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY);

        return texture;
    }();
    return atlas;
}

void render_cube_outline(const glm::vec3& pos,
                         const glm::vec4& colour) noexcept {
    const auto generate_vbo = [](const auto& vertices) -> GLuint {
        GLuint vbo = 0;
        glGenBuffers(1, &vbo);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
        glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), std::data(vertices),
                     GL_STATIC_DRAW);
        return vbo;
    };
    const auto generate_vao = []() -> GLuint {
        GLuint vao = 0;
        glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
        glBindVertexArray(vao);
        // position
        glVertexAttribPointer(0, sizeof(glm::vec3) / sizeof(float), GL_FLOAT,
                              GL_FALSE, sizeof(glm::vec3), nullptr);
        glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
        return vao;
    };
    const auto generate_ebo = [](const auto& indices) -> GLuint {
        GLuint ebo = 0;
        glGenBuffers(1, &ebo);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ebo);
        glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), &indices,
                     GL_STATIC_DRAW);
        return ebo;
    };
    const auto make_matrix = [&]() -> glm::mat4 {
        constexpr auto identity = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        const auto proj = camera::get_proj();
        const auto trans = glm::translate(identity, pos);
        const auto& view = camera::get_view();
        return proj * view * trans;
    };

    static constexpr std::array<glm::vec3, 8> vertices = {
        glm::vec3{-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f}, glm::vec3{0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f},
        glm::vec3{-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f},  glm::vec3{0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f},
        glm::vec3{-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f},  glm::vec3{0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f},
        glm::vec3{-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f},   glm::vec3{0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f}};
    static constexpr std::array<unsigned, 24> indices = {
        0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 4, 6, 4, 6, 7, 6, 2, 5, 4, 5, 1, 5, 7, 3, 2, 3, 1, 3, 7};
    static const program program{"res/shaders/line.vs", "res/shaders/line.fs"};
    static const GLuint vbo [[maybe_unused]] = generate_vbo(vertices);
    static const GLuint vao = generate_vao();
    static const GLuint ebo [[maybe_unused]] = generate_ebo(indices);
    static const GLint u_colour = glGetUniformLocation(program, "_u_colour");
    static const GLint u_matrix = glGetUniformLocation(program, "_u_matrix");

    glEnable(GL_BLEND);
    glUseProgram(program);
    glBindVertexArray(vao);

    glUniform4fv(u_colour, 1, glm::value_ptr(colour));
    glUniformMatrix4fv(u_matrix, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(make_matrix()));

    glDrawElements(GL_LINES, std::size(indices), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, nullptr);
}

void render_rectangle(const glm::vec2& pos, const glm::vec2& size,
                      const glm::vec4& colour) noexcept {
    const auto generate_vbo = [](const auto& vertices) -> GLuint {
        GLuint vbo = 0;
        glGenBuffers(1, &vbo);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
        glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), std::data(vertices),
                     GL_STATIC_DRAW);
        return vbo;
    };
    const auto generate_vao = []() -> GLuint {
        GLuint vao = 0;
        glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
        glBindVertexArray(vao);
        // position
        glVertexAttribPointer(0, sizeof(glm::vec2) / sizeof(float), GL_FLOAT,
                              GL_FALSE, sizeof(glm::vec2), nullptr);
        glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
        return vao;
    };
    const auto generate_ebo = [](const auto& indices) -> GLuint {
        GLuint ebo = 0;
        glGenBuffers(1, &ebo);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ebo);
        glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), &indices,
                     GL_STATIC_DRAW);
        return ebo;
    };
    const auto make_matrix = [&]() -> glm::mat4 {
        constexpr auto identity = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        const glm::vec2& window_size = get_window_size();
        const auto proj = glm::ortho(0.f, window_size.x, 0.f, window_size.y);
        const auto scale =
            glm::scale(identity, glm::vec3(size.x, size.y, 0.0f));
        const auto trans =
            glm::translate(identity, glm::vec3(pos.x, pos.y, 0.0f));
        return proj * trans * scale;
    };

    static constexpr std::array<glm::vec2, 4> vertices = {
        glm::vec2{-0.5f, -0.5f}, glm::vec2{0.5f, -0.5f}, glm::vec2{0.5f, 0.5f},
        glm::vec2{-0.5f, 0.5f}};
    static constexpr std::array<unsigned, 6> indices = {0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0};
    static const program program{"res/shaders/rectangle.vs",
                                 "res/shaders/rectangle.fs"};
    static const GLuint vbo [[maybe_unused]] = generate_vbo(vertices);
    static const GLuint vao = generate_vao();
    static const GLuint ebo [[maybe_unused]] = generate_ebo(indices);
    static const GLint u_colour = glGetUniformLocation(program, "_u_colour");
    static const GLint u_matrix = glGetUniformLocation(program, "_u_matrix");

    glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    glEnable(GL_BLEND);
    glUseProgram(program);
    glBindVertexArray(vao);

    glUniform4fv(u_colour, 1, glm::value_ptr(colour));
    glUniformMatrix4fv(u_matrix, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(make_matrix()));

    glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, std::size(indices), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, nullptr);
}

// http://blog.wolfire.com/2013/03/High-quality-text-rendering
// When rendering our fonts, despite what usually occurs in graphics,
// downscaling will result in a decrease in visual quality (even if by a small
// margin). If we want nice looking fonts, we must NEVER scale it - meaning if
// we want a change in size, we will have to generate a new font atlas each time
// with a different size. In addition, we are limited only to rendering at
// integers.

// This class solves this problem by lazily loading characters when necessary,
// so we can avoid the runtime penalty of generating a couple thousand chars
// in our atlas every time we request a new size.
class font_atlas {
public:
    struct character_info {
        float advance_x;
        float advance_y;
        float bitmap_width;
        float bitmap_height;
        float bitmap_left;
        float bitmap_top;
        float x_offset; // offset in texture atlas.
        float y_offset;
    };
    struct texture_info {
        GLuint texture;
        GLint width; // max width of a row in our atlas
        GLint height;
        unsigned cur_max_glyph_height; // max height of a row in our atlas
        glm::ivec2 last_offset;        // where to upload next

        operator GLuint() const noexcept { return this->texture; }
    };

private:
    static constexpr const /*CPP SUCKS*/ char* const font_dir =
        "res/fonts/NotoSansMono-SemiBold.ttf";
    static constexpr auto flags =
        0u; // FT_LOAD_TARGET_LIGHT | FT_LOAD_FORCE_AUTOHINT;

    unsigned font_size;
    texture_info texture;
    std::unordered_map<char, character_info> characters;

private:
    static FT_Library get_ft_library() noexcept {
        static FT_Library library = []() -> FT_Library {
            FT_Library library;
            if (FT_Init_FreeType(&library)) {
                throw std::runtime_error("failed to init freetype2");
            }
            return library;
        }();
        return library;
    }
    static GLint get_row_size() noexcept {
        static const GLint row_size = []() -> GLint {
            GLint row_size;
            glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE, &row_size);
            return row_size;
        }();
        return row_size;
    }
    // This will set cur_max_glyph_height to size and our last_offset to {0, 0}
    // so it may be necessary to set them manually.
    static struct texture_info make_texture_info(const unsigned size) noexcept {
        GLuint texture;
        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
        glGenTextures(1, &texture);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
        glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_BASE_LEVEL, 0);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LEVEL, 0);

        // Allocate a big strip so that we do not frequently reallocate.
        const GLint row_size = get_row_size();
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RED, row_size, size, 0, GL_ALPHA,
                     GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, nullptr);

        return {.texture = texture,
                .width = row_size,
                .height = static_cast<int>(size),
                .cur_max_glyph_height = size,
                .last_offset = {0, 0}};
    }

private:
    // Occasionally we will fill the texture atlas too much. This may occur if
    // we stuff too many characters in and we run out of x, or if a glyph just
    // happens to be bigger on the y than any other glyph we have inserted.
    // We must allocate a new texture with the appropriate dimensions that
    // accomodates for this new glyph while copying over our atlas's previous
    // contents.
    void prepare_texture_info(const glm::ivec2 glyph) noexcept {
        const bool over_x =
            this->texture.last_offset.x + glyph.x > this->texture.width;
        const bool over_y =
            this->texture.last_offset.y + glyph.y > this->texture.height;

        this->texture.cur_max_glyph_height = std::max(
            this->texture.cur_max_glyph_height, static_cast<unsigned>(glyph.y));

        if (!over_x && !over_y) {
            return;
        }

        const struct texture_info old = this->texture;
        if (over_x) {
            this->texture = make_texture_info(
                static_cast<unsigned>(old.height) + old.cur_max_glyph_height);
            this->texture.last_offset = {0.0f, old.last_offset.y + old.height};
        } else if (over_y) {
            this->texture = make_texture_info(old.cur_max_glyph_height);
            this->texture.last_offset = old.last_offset;
        }
        this->texture.cur_max_glyph_height = old.cur_max_glyph_height;
        glCopyImageSubData(old.texture, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, 0,
                           this->texture, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, 0, old.width,
                           old.height, 1);

        glDeleteTextures(1, &old.texture);
    }

    struct character_info make_character_info(const char c) noexcept {
        const FT_Library library = this->get_ft_library();

        FT_Face face;
        if (FT_New_Face(library, font_dir, 0, &face)) {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to load font");
        }

        FT_Set_Pixel_Sizes(face, 0, this->font_size);
        if (FT_Load_Char(face, static_cast<unsigned long>(c),
                         flags | FT_LOAD_RENDER)) {
            return this->operator[]('?'); // placeholder
        }

        const int width = static_cast<int>(face->glyph->bitmap.width);
        const int height = static_cast<int>(face->glyph->bitmap.rows);

        this->prepare_texture_info(glm::ivec2{width, height});

        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, this->texture.texture);
        glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, this->texture.last_offset.x,
                        this->texture.last_offset.y, width, height, GL_RED,
                        GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, face->glyph->bitmap.buffer);

        character_info character_info = {
            .advance_x = static_cast<float>(face->glyph->advance.x >> 6),
            .advance_y = static_cast<float>(face->glyph->advance.y >> 6),
            .bitmap_width = static_cast<float>(face->glyph->bitmap.width),
            .bitmap_height = static_cast<float>(face->glyph->bitmap.rows),
            .bitmap_left = static_cast<float>(face->glyph->bitmap_left),
            .bitmap_top = static_cast<float>(face->glyph->bitmap_top),
            .x_offset = static_cast<float>(this->texture.last_offset.x),
            .y_offset = static_cast<float>(this->texture.last_offset.y)};

        this->texture.last_offset.x += width;

        FT_Done_Face(face);
        return character_info;
    }

public:
    // Use this operator to get specific chars.
    const struct character_info& operator[](const char c) noexcept {
        if (const auto find_it = this->characters.find(c);
            find_it != std::end(this->characters)) {

            return find_it->second;
        }

        const auto emplace =
            this->characters.emplace(c, make_character_info(c));

        return emplace.first->second;
    }

    font_atlas(const unsigned size) noexcept
        : font_size(size), texture(make_texture_info(size)) {}
    ~font_atlas() noexcept { glDeleteTextures(1, &this->texture.texture); }
    font_atlas(font_atlas&&) = delete;
    font_atlas(const font_atlas&) = delete;

    GLint get_height() const noexcept { return this->texture.height; }
    GLint get_width() const noexcept { return this->texture.width; }
    unsigned get_glyph_height() const noexcept {
        return this->texture.cur_max_glyph_height;
    }
    GLuint get_texture() const noexcept { return this->texture; }
};

void render_text(const std::string_view text, const unsigned int size,
                 const bool is_centered, const bool is_vcentered,
                 const glm::vec4& colour, const glm::mat4& matrix) noexcept {
    const auto generate_vao = []() -> GLuint {
        GLuint vao = 0;
        glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
        glBindVertexArray(vao);
        return vao;
    };
    struct vertex {
        glm::vec2 pos;
        glm::vec2 tex;
    };
    const auto generate_vbo = []() -> GLuint {
        GLuint vbo = 0;
        glGenBuffers(1, &vbo);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
        glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(float) * 6 * 5, nullptr,
                     GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);

        glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
        glVertexAttribPointer(0, sizeof(glm::vec2) / sizeof(float), GL_FLOAT,
                              GL_FALSE, sizeof(vertex), 0);
        glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
        glVertexAttribPointer(1, sizeof(glm::vec2) / sizeof(float), GL_FLOAT,
                              GL_FALSE, sizeof(vertex),
                              reinterpret_cast<void*>(sizeof(glm::vec2)));
        return vbo;
    };
    static const program program("res/shaders/text.vs", "res/shaders/text.fs");
    static const GLuint vao = generate_vao();
    static const GLuint vbo = generate_vbo();
    static const GLint u_matrix = glGetUniformLocation(program, "_u_matrix");
    static const GLint u_colour = glGetUniformLocation(program, "_u_colour");
    static std::unordered_map<unsigned, font_atlas> font_atlases;

    // Find or generate a font atlas in our unordered_map.
    font_atlas& atlas = [&]() -> font_atlas& {
        if (const auto find_it = font_atlases.find(size);
            find_it != std::end(font_atlases)) {

            return find_it->second;
        }

        const auto emplace =
            font_atlases.emplace(std::pair<unsigned, unsigned>(size, size));
        return emplace.first->second;
    }();

    const std::vector<vertex> vertices = [&]() {
        std::vector<vertex> vertices;

        const float atlas_width = static_cast<float>(atlas.get_width());
        const float atlas_height = static_cast<float>(atlas.get_height());
        float total_width = 0.0f;
        glm::vec3 pos{0.0f};
        for (const auto& c : text) {
            const auto& character = atlas[c];

            const float w = character.bitmap_width;
            const float h = character.bitmap_height;
            const float x = pos.x + character.bitmap_left;
            const float y = -pos.y - (character.bitmap_top);

            pos.x += character.advance_x;
            pos.y += character.advance_y;

            total_width += character.advance_x;

            if (w == 0.0f || h == 0.0f) {
                continue;
            }

            // clang-format off
                vertices.push_back(vertex{{x    , -y    }, {character.x_offset / atlas_width                           , character.y_offset / atlas_height}});
                vertices.push_back(vertex{{x    , -y - h}, {character.x_offset / atlas_width                           , (character.y_offset + character.bitmap_height) / atlas_height}});
                vertices.push_back(vertex{{x + w, -y    }, {(character.x_offset + character.bitmap_width) / atlas_width, character.y_offset / atlas_height}});
                vertices.push_back(vertex{{x + w, -y    }, {(character.x_offset + character.bitmap_width) / atlas_width, character.y_offset / atlas_height}});
                vertices.push_back(vertex{{x    , -y - h}, {character.x_offset / atlas_width                           , (character.y_offset + character.bitmap_height) / atlas_height}});
                vertices.push_back(vertex{{x + w, -y - h}, {(character.x_offset + character.bitmap_width) / atlas_width, (character.y_offset + character.bitmap_height) / atlas_height}});
            // clang-format on
        }

        const float xoffset =
            is_centered ? std::floor(total_width / 2.0f) : 0.0f;
        const float yoffset =
            is_vcentered
                ? std::floor(static_cast<float>(atlas.get_glyph_height()) /
                             3.0f)
                : 0.0f;
        for (auto& v : vertices) {
            v.pos.x -= xoffset;
            v.pos.y -= yoffset;
        }

        return vertices;
    }();

    glEnable(GL_BLEND);
    glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE);
    glUseProgram(program);
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, atlas.get_texture());
    glBindVertexArray(vao);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);

    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, std::size(vertices) * sizeof(vertex),
                 std::data(vertices), GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);

    glUniform4f(u_colour, colour.x, colour.y, colour.z, colour.w);
    glUniformMatrix4fv(u_matrix, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(matrix));

    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, std::size(vertices));

    glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
}

// Updates our ebos, we want to call this once per frame.
void update_uniforms() noexcept {
    struct ubo_data {
        glm::mat4 proj;
        glm::mat4 view;
        std::array<glm::vec4, 6> frustum;
        float znear;
        float zfar;
        float xfov;    // IN RADIANS
        float yfov;    // IN RADIANS
        unsigned time; // resolution of 1000/s
        float xwindow;
        float ywindow;
    };
    const auto make_ubo = [&]() -> GLuint {
        GLuint ubo;
        glGenBuffers(1, &ubo);
        glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, ubo);
        glBufferData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, sizeof(ubo_data), nullptr,
                     GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);
        glBindBufferBase(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0, ubo); // binding @ 0
        return ubo;
    };
    static const GLuint ubo = make_ubo();

    const ubo_data upload = {
        .proj = camera::get_proj(),
        .view = camera::get_view(),
        .frustum = camera::get_frustum(),
        .znear = camera::get_znear(),
        .zfar = camera::get_zfar(),
        .xfov = glm::radians(camera::get_xfov()),
        .yfov = glm::radians(camera::get_yfov()),
        .time = []() -> unsigned {
            static const auto start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
            const auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
            return static_cast<unsigned>((now - start) /
                                         std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
        }(),
        .xwindow = static_cast<float>(get_window_size().x),
        .ywindow = static_cast<float>(get_window_size().y)};
    glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, ubo);
    glBufferSubData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0, sizeof(upload), &upload);
}

void draw_rectangle(const rectangle_args& ra) noexcept {
    const glm::vec2 pos = ra.pos.to_vec2();
    const glm::vec2 size = ra.size.to_vec2();

    // We want to render from the bottom left corner.
    render::render_rectangle(pos + (size / 2.0f), size, ra.colour);
}

void draw_colour(const glm::vec4& colour) noexcept {
    const rectangle_args args = {
        .pos = {.extent = {0.0f, 0.0f}},
        .size = {.extent = {1.0f, 1.0f}},
        .colour = colour,
    };
    draw_rectangle(args);
}

void draw_text(const std::string_view text, const text_args& args) noexcept {
    const glm::vec2& window = render::get_window_size();
    const float x = floorf(window.x * args.pos.extent.x + args.pos.offset.x);
    const float y = floorf(window.y * args.pos.extent.y + args.pos.offset.y);
    const unsigned height = static_cast<unsigned>(
        args.extent_height * window.y + args.offset_height);

    const auto make_matrix = [&](const float xo, const float yo) -> glm::mat4 {
        constexpr auto identity = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        const auto proj = glm::ortho(0.f, window.x, 0.f, window.y);
        const auto tran =
            glm::translate(identity, glm::vec3{x + xo, y + yo, 0.0f});
        return proj * tran;
    };

    glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    glDisable(GL_BLEND);
    if (args.has_backing) {
        constexpr glm::vec4 black{0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};
        render_text(text, height, args.is_centered, args.is_vcentered, black,
                    make_matrix(2.0f, -2.0f));
    }
    glEnable(GL_BLEND);

    render_text(text, height, args.is_centered, args.is_vcentered, args.colour,
                make_matrix(0, 0));
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
}

} // namespace render
} // namespace client